Across the continent, countless cathedrals stand as monuments of faith, history, and stunning artistry. Ranging from modernist creations to ancient havens, we present some of the most captivating examples recommended by discerning visitors.
A Contemporary Marvel in the Norwegian Arctic
Commonly known as the Arctic Cathedral, the Tromsøysund Kirke in Tromsø is a striking example of 20th-century design. Its clean, graceful exterior mirrors the nearby landscape and echoes traditional Sami dwellings. Within, visitors will find what are arguably the most cozy pews one could hope to sit on. A breathtaking mural of glass portraying the Return of Christ might not be for everyone, but it radiates a powerful sense of grandeur. Exiting this impressive building following an organ recital to witness the aurora borealis flickering overhead is an unforgettable experience.
Serene Views and Historic Graves in the French Riviera
I never understood what visitors seek in old churches. The Monastère Notre Dame de Cimiez changed that.
The grounds bursting with flowers and herbs provide a spectacular vista of the city. A graveyard there holds the grave of artist Henri Matisse, but it is the small chapel that truly embodies the essence of a place of worship. Although it would never compare to more ornate establishments, that is precisely the point. For centuries, it has quietly soaked up generations of faith. Sitting there produced a sensation greater than mere peace or tranquility; it was a profound understanding of the comfort such spaces offer.
Domes and Rotundas in Brescia, Italy
Nestled within a maze of piazzas and winding alleys, Brescia's 17th-century Duomo Nuovo is a prime example of Italy's ecclesiastical architecture, featuring exquisite marble and massive cupolas. Yet, the true highlight of the complex is the Duomo Vecchio, finished in the 12th century. This romanesque rotunda, with an underground vault, is brimming with historical charm and atmosphere. Collectively, Brescia's two main churches serve as a perfect snapshot of Italy's changing building styles.
A Concrete and Stained Glass Wonder in Germany
Below the city of Essen in the town of this location stands one of the world's most individual and striking cathedrals. Maria, Königin des Friedens, or the Neviges Pilgrimage Church, is a mid-century triumph constructed between 1966 and 1968. Uneven balconies of concrete and stunning coloured windows create a soaring, luminous interior of welcome that challenges simple labels as "brutalist". Adding to the appeal of this tourist-free destination is the nearby 8-mile Wuppertaler Schwebebahn, an incredible feat of transport engineering.
Mountain Views from a Swiss Gothic Landmark
Situated prominently above Lausanne, the cathedral commands views stretching from the picturesque historic centre all the way to the lake and the far-off Alpine peaks. Entry to the cathedral is complimentary, and for a small fee, visitors can climb the bell tower. Beyond its remarkable medieval structure and breathtaking views, this 800-year-old building hosts a diverse schedule of free performances, exhibits, and events, making it a key venue in Switzerland's most lively cultural centre.
An Orkney Shrine Built by WWII Detainees
A visit to the chapel on Lamb Holm in the Orkney Islands is a humbling experience with the craftsmanship and faith of its builders. In the Second World War, following a plea from the camp priest, artist Domenico Chiocchetti and his fellow prisoners converted a pair of military huts into a place of worship. Using scraps of whatever they could find, they fashioned a profoundly beautiful space imbued with love and peace amidst a global conflict—an inspiring place to see decades on.
Writhing Stone Figures of Southern France
The rose-coloured stone cathedral of Notre-Dame in the town of Rodez dominates the horizon for kilometres around. Perched high up overlooking the River Aveyron, this huge, castle-like medieval marvel has survived centuries of construction, plague, and war. Inside is a gasp-inducing space of vaulted ceilings and soaring pillars, all framing a massive organ. The elaborately decorated seats and ledges are polished smooth by time. The true attention, though, is often drawn to the mesmerizing leer of the hundreds of twisting gargoyles that seem to burst out of the outside stonework. They look less carved and more preserved in stone, like primeval protectors of this beautiful basilica.
Hidden History in an Oxfordshire Field
St Oswald's in Widford stands isolated in a meadow, accessible only by a uneven track. Leaving your car on a nearby verge, visitors walk towards a structure that resembles a farm building from a distance. The building is mostly from the 13th century, but within, evidence of an older Saxon or early Norman structure become visible. Excavations have uncovered ancient Roman tiles and partially uncovered 14th-century wall paintings. Enclosed seating from the 18th century are still in situ. The resulting atmosphere is one of haunting, beautiful, and potent stillness.
An Interior Canvas in Bulgaria
Arbanasi, near Veliko Tarnovo, is the location of one of the most visually overwhelming Orthodox churches one could imagine. From the outside, the Church of the Nativity is quite plain—a characteristic perhaps intended to avoid suspicion during the Ottoman rule. The inside, in contrast, more than makes up for it. Virtually every surface is covered in luminous religious icons and biblical scenes. The result is truly breathtaking and immersive.
Featured Recommendation: Stained Glass Masterpieces in the English Countryside
All Saints Church in Tudeley, established in the 12th century, is structurally quite ordinary. The church's remarkable feature, though, lies in its stained glass. All twelve were designed by the renowned painter Chagall. The project began in 1963 with a memorial window dedicated to a family's daughter. The artist was so taken with the site that he offered to design the remaining windows, a work completed in 1985. The windows showcase a dazzling range of blue hues. Being surrounded by this cascade of colour in a peaceful setting is a profoundly calming experience. Admission to this extraordinary place is free.
