PSG has now secured the prestigious cup on fourteen separate times.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille struck two times late to seize a shock lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the final moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty win.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.